Acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes on human skin after swimming in the ocean

The skin is a complex organ responsible for protecting the body from physical, chemical and biological insults. microbiome known to play an important role in host infections. This study examined changes antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), biosynthesis (ABSGs) virulence factor (VFGs) on human before after swimming ocean. Skin samples were collected participants they swam ocean, at 6 h 24 post-swim. analyzed using 16S rRNA gene shotgun metagenomic sequencing. results showed that not only composition altered swimming, but abundance diversity of ARGs, ABSGs VFGs increased Overall, there was increase total ARGs by 70.6% swimming. elevated number persisted continued least post-swim with greater than 300% comparison ocean outcomes support epidemiological observations risk infections Cleaning immediately recreational activities recommended reduce opportunity infection.